World Oil Production / Consumption

There are many things that use oil to work or make. Everything from the heating in your home to making paper. Oil is a crucial part of every ones life even though some people do not realise.

The graph below shows that in 2014 up to 92 million barrels of oil a day was being produced and 93 million barrels were being consumed. It was then estimated in 2016 this was to increase to around 95 barrels of oil to be produced and consumed. This graph shows an increase from 86 million barrels in 2010 too 95 million barrels in a 6 year period, thats almost 10 million extra barrels of oil being produced and consumed around the world in a day. 

To put the numbers into perspective in 2014 thats 94 billion barrels a day was equivalent to draining an olympic swimming pool full of oil every 15 seconds. 

China's ghost cities

While many vacant town and cities were once thriving with life, many cities in China have never been occupied by many people if anyone. Developers have began building cities containing houses, apartments and even sky scrapers with no one to live there. The developers hope for people to move from the old cities to start a new life in the new ones. The problem is many of these developers are running out of money to finish the cities leaving them deep in debt with over 64 million apartment in China that are vacant.

Seminar- Conclusions

Conclusions is a shorter section of the essay. this provides a summery of answers you found too your research question. if you wish you can mention thinks you couldn't answer and explain why and explain how the topic or research could be continued.

Compare the abstract and the conclusions

What is the research question?
Why is it important to develop visual paths when designing an advertisement?

How does the author attempt to answer the question?
Study visual hierarchy and mind and motion

What answers does the author provide?
Organise there perception in respect to the content

Daniels - Maryland

The town Daniels in Maryland was first formed in 1810 when Thomas Ely and his family moved to the area and built a textile mill. The community was first known as Elysville. In 1853 the town was purchaced by the family of James S Gary and was then renamed as Alberton in the honor of James' son Albert. It wasn't until 1940 The Daniels Company bought the entire village including the textile mill and changed the towns name to Daniels. By the 1960s around 90 families lived in Daniels. In 1968 the residents were given a notice to move due to the textile mill closing which forced the housing to be terminated. The town has been empty ever since which was lucky because in 1972 a tropical storm, Agnes, hit the Patapsco River Valley and completely destroyed the remaining buildings of Daniels leaving rubble and rusty cars.

Bennet Collage

Bennet Collage in New York was once a school for girls, enrolling 120 pupils each year. The girls would be educated at high school for four years then an additional two years at higher education. May. F. Bennet, a schoolteacher moved her girls here in 1907 at the building was a hotel prior to the school. The higher education element of the building brought problems for the school as they attempted to convert the two year higher education into four years higher education. This brought the school into debt and then later shut in 1977 due to bankruptcy. The building has been empty with no use since. in 1933 the building was placed on the national register of historic places but in 2014, despite many community protests, the building will soon be demolished.

These pictures of Bennet Collage have three key elements that I think give an abandoned and disturbing feel.

1) - The Sky. In two of the images the sky has been edited in two different ways. In the first image the clouds have been edited too high light the clouds and how dark they look. The second way is that the image has either been taken at dusk or dawn. The image has then been manipulated to make the colours in the sky a lot more prominent. Both of these editing techniques are setting a frightful feel too the whole picture.

2) - The Architecture of the building. You can tell the building is old due to the shapes of the roof and the wood paneling on the outside of the building.

3) - Maintenance. The growth of the trees, bushes and wildlife is taking back over its land. It is obvious that no one has been maintaining the growth of the plants suggesting the place is abandoned. Also the maintenance of the building externally, smashed windows and decaying structure, suggests the building has been left too rot.

Interconnectivity

Interconnectivity

Products initially were mechanical. These then developed power systems were the mechanics were powered by an engine making life easier more recently these engines are electrical powered, arguably very beneficial however is this a problem. These devises are quite complex, often they talk to each other to share data to aid better working,
Money, payments, lighting, security receipt of parcel, cooking mobile phones, music downloads, cars, diary, emails, calendars

Data issues- data is provided in various forms of different code types. Occasionally, overlaying on type of data onto another may create a sub routine in coding, which can have unfortunate consequences but is rare.

Data distribution who gets to see the data? should they? For example Visio TV manufacturer have been fined for recording what people watched and selling the data.

Data security can it be hacked? Many people use the cloud, what happens if your data is leaked, bank accounts, work?

How do you know the device has swirled or stop working? Can the device been started by other systems?


Human problems

Humans can be amazingly thick. Very few of us are very logical with computers, this means we approach things differently

Data sharing
Legal issues - defamation, slander, publish.

To publish- to make generally known. To inform the public.
Problem, once its out there its difficult to stop.

Questions
Electromagnetic waves are surrounding us. Is this healthy?
How secure is it really?
Is it disconnecting individuals from each other?
Socialising ramifications?
Can we continue to use all devices? Will we forget to use them? Will the automatically set them self?
What about my identity? How can i prove i am who i am?
How can i tell what is right?

Records problem

As these devices become more common an more complicated more recorded are needed to make and maintain, is this resource use right? Is it really needed? Gimmick or requirement ?

Does this all mean designers now need to be more app savvy in terms of design?
Do you move away from traditional design routes?
Is the basis of design dictated by the device?
Does it have a effect on the creativity?

Europe and Brexit

Europe and Brexit






Banking crisis 2008 and follow on world recession caused serious problems for Europe


Economic comfort pre Brexit referendum

Comfortable
Norway
Germany
Uk
Denmark
France
Italy
Ireland
Spain
Portugal
Greece
Iceland
Bad
Most countries have shifted on the comfortability after the referendum

This has resulted in general confusion with many political parties across Europe and the west. Result has been the growing popularity of more extreme parties. Donald Trump, Marie Le Penn, Syria and Austria all rather far Left wing or far Right wing. Europes recent issues are causing difficult issues-immigration, Italian banking problems, over reliance on strength of german economy, Russia and Ukraine and US and Europe TTIP failure. There is reluctance for the UK to change track or alter its direction, Europe is concerned that unless there is a change in the way EU manages its self, it will become dominated by Germany (money)... more states will or may want to leave, especially if the UK is successful.

Brexit negotiations no one is wanting to cut off UK from Europe or vice versa.

Other European problems

-USA Canada China India - problems with trade to Europe
-Russia, Ukraine, Syria, Belarus also problems for Europe
-Energy Issues, Europe hasn't got much oil, we gain majority from trading, mainly from Russia
-Immigration and Unemployment both linked together (immigrate to work = less jobs more people)

Crisis of the Middle East and Russia

The Middle East

Oil issues occurred after history or conflict. The world run on oil, virtually all transport is oil biased, all products have been touched by oil. Oil is a convenient way to store and carry energy. According to the World oil reserves the middle east have an estimated 49% of the worlds oil in 2013.  oil reserve issues - not as clear how much is actually left, this is important for designers as plastics, inks, packaging and processing lubricants and many more materials are made using oil.


                                                Estimation of oil produced from 1930- 2050

Electricity, 2 elements stationary power, Transportation Power

Stationary Power Systems
Renewable - wind ,wave, hydro
Nuclear - Thorium, Plasma Field
Fossil Fuel -  Oil- rock, shale,
                     Gas - LPG, LNG, Shale
                     Coal

Transportable Power Systems
Fuel Cell
Battery
Capacitor




Russia

Population 143.5million
GPD $2.07 trillion

Russia has internal stresses of break up. Fringes of Russia are pushing the limits to break away. The Russian government has been heavy handed in dealing with this. This make the Russian government very wary. Economically, Russia have a big untapped wealth but don't know how to get to it, they need to look to the west, The west were the enemy. Freedoms in the west are heavily protected. Freedom in the east are not so heavily protected. Russia was a key part on the "world stage" ... not so much now. This has lead to tensions between the west and Russia.
Economic management  communist - state controlled

Problems for Russia
Fall in oil price
Action in Ukraine and Crimea
Syria conflict
Russian retaliatory action against Western investment in Russia
Russian action in us elections (alleged)

Historically Russia doesn't make good decisions and use a lot or force
Russia is far more western that china, potential for good development and trade is there but Russia needs to be open for business.

The world

Emerging markets and problem areas
Countries and markets that's are now developing and have a chance to come to prominence.
Areas that are becoming volatile.

China, India, Russia and Brazil have growth develop potential
Middle east, China/Taiwan and Russia are problem regions

Interconnectivity of technology
Why is it important? They are investing in the uk some of my clients may well be from these investors. Problem areas are world affecting. Technology will have an impact on me.

China has a population of 1.4 billion with a $9.35 trillion GDP

If you look at the world bank GDP, in the year 2000 china began to grow, but of you look at the world Bank GDP per capita china is low and not really progressed and grown over the years.

Issues for china
Chinas regards Taiwan as part of china Taiwan have a different view and want independence after 86 years
Chinese navy was becoming expansion taking over the south china sea using force if necessary
Donald trump thinks china should adhere to world business

Population growth has been dramatic, from 1.5 billion in 1880 - 7 billion in 2015 which is a 466% in 135 years.

The crisis is that there is not enough resources for everybody.

Budgeting, business planning and media types

Budgeting

So.. what is a budget?

A budget is a allocation of money to undertake a particular task. It m any be over a specific task or a time period. Its an allocation it is only proposed. A lot of budgets tend to be inaccurate.

Variance is a difference between the two, may be positive, neutral or negative

Budget = proposed resource allocation
Actual = actual resource used
Variance = difference between the two
Cumulative variance = the variance as a cumulative spend across the project

Business planning

Purpose? Income, profit, charity what do you want out of this
Type? Freelance, Ltd, semi partnership, partnership
Nature? What are you actually doing? This must be legal, think of what you can do not just what                     you want to do.
Where? Where geographically do you want this business to be?
     All of these need to be thought about, these are fundamental to success.
     No direction = no success
Once you know these then develop them. Plans should deal with 3 distinct scenarios GOOD, BAD, UGLY. With each you need to address what you will do in each situation

Keep your personal life and you business life separate. Mixing the two could cause confusion.

Media Types

Traditional,
Ambient (out door bill boards, posters, building wraps, bus/train wraps, adshells)
Print (magazine, newspaper, journals, newsletters, books)
Broadcast (itv, sky, bt, netflix, amazon, adverts) entertainment and social media

Ambient
You wouldn't have ambient media up for more than 2 weeks as it becomes part of the background.
Price- per 2 weeks
          Lighting- not lit? Back lit? Front lit?
          Static and moving image available
          6 week deadline
          Must be quick / high impact

Print
     Magazines Need around 5 weeks notice before publication date. Newspapers 24hrs minimum   before publication
     Cost per insertion per addition
     Circulation- the number of people that buy it
     Readership- the number of people who read it

Broadcast
       Adverts - in terms of script, all scripts must be put before the British Advertising Clearance Centre  they accept or reject scripts
    Cost of tv ads
    Depends on  time of day , length of ad, the tv programmes before or after it, number of viewers and demand of ad space
      Cinema - time limit is not so restricted
      Cost  depends on film and rating
      Entertainment new media
      Online aspects, blue ray / dvd / cd
      Social media

CV, I.P, I.P.R

CV

A CV is unique too you and how it should be constructed depends on who you are writing to.

Key characteristics

Name and contact - name, address, personal mobile phone, email personal and uni, web page     age, D.O.B

Education - most resent first, dates, uni and collage, school,  don't mention grades, skills

Work experiance - most resent first,  date- organisation- job, jobs are important.

Hobbies and interests - very brief,

Referees - name, company, position, address, telephone, email, work and academic references, maximum of 3

Try make the CV company specific
Single sided



I.P  Intellectual property
I.P.R Intellectual Property Rights

Your work is your own so how do you protect it?

Patents - these must the new, how things work, how things are made, what they are made from, technical contributions

Trade mark

Copy right - automatic protection covering anything written or preformed

Design Right - the way an abject the looks

www.ipo.gov.gov.uk

Client-----You (designer)
potential of commissioned work, you assess if you can do it -- ability, time, scope/size, resources, cost - should the work be outsourced?
3) Agree terms cost, payment, deadlines, brief details , technical file, etc
4) Liaise with client
5) Deliver work
6) Receive receipt
7) Send invoice
8) Payment made

Keep the client engaged - show the client the work as it is developing

Always keep a copy of the work and if send through post have it recorded

Invoice order number, client contact, date of commission and date of delivery

only supply the total cost

APA Referencing

APA 6th Referencing

Why reference?
-   To show the research you have done and what you have read
To show you can support you points
To enable the readers to follow up and reads the original text
To get a good mark
To avoid plagiarism (theft of somebody else's work)

You have to reference quotes, statistics, dictionary definitions, pictures and diagrams from websites and textbooks, rewording sources.

APA referencing is a two part system in-text citations and a reference list.

In text citation - (Smith, 1991). If you cant find the date add N.D.
No URLs in the essay

APA book reference Builder helps you create the references

Referencing images
In text citation           Figure 1: title (name, Year)
In the reference list you would get the full details

Quotes less than 40 words
Double quotation marks for quotes
Page number if from book or article

Quotes more than 40 words you indent the quotes
Don't need quotation marks because you have indented

Key words and literature

Key words and literature

1- Key words- strategy
2- First define your topic
Pick key words- pull put the words that I've ate the mail concept of your topic
Brainstorm alternative keywords that an author may have used
3- Choose a database i.e find a subject specific data bases in the library

Example

Scandinavian graphic design: history and international acclaim

Key words:
Scandinavia
History
Graphic design
Acclaim
Industry

Literature review is a critical presentation and discussion of the main sources of your topics.

Literature structure review
1 outline topic
2 give definition and basic historical frame work
3 present main ideas, writing and practices
4 present your research question (what you want too focus on and find out)

Literature review- what does it do
Shows you knowledge of the origins, definitions and vocabulary of the topic
Shows you have understanding of the main idea, writing and practices on the topic
Shows the variety of approaches and opinions of the topic
It enables you to understand the significance of the ideas writings and practices in the topic


How too find the main works
Use the keywords to search databases, library, google, scholar
Any text, work or item that has had an important effect on the subsequent development of the field and has been used in several other disciplines, fields or topics
And approach or methodology that others in the field have replicated

Literature review source and help
Make note as you read,
Keep copies
Different types of literature
Different categories or literature
-   primary
secondary
tertiary

Very few results don't panic
This is normal
Try different keywords
Search different databases
Check the reference list
Ask librarian for help

Do
Start off broad
Give sense of the history
Be clear
Examine your own bias
Check details
Organise the areas
Sources are correctly referenced

Don't
Omit classic writings and practices
Descuss ideas without referance
Use inaccurate references
Use key concepts without defining them
Use slang
Accept position at face value - just because some one is most known in a field, don't count on what they are saying too be right.


Choose 5 key words
10 important references
Prepare any questions

Firms

Firms

If you start up self employed you need too keep track of your finances because the tax man will want too know.

Individuals traded good, as the trades grew individuals needed more more and this resulted in partnerships.

Were 2 or more people = partnership, the tax man then assumes the partner ship is split 50 50, you are both liable for each others debts
This implies trust in your partners

Often partnerships would develop with one party having money and the other having the idea or trade. This is called a sleeping partner where they have nothing too do with the company etc while partnerships are still used it becomes evedent that more funding were needed as trade grew (victorian times)  government developed the limited liability girl (inc) this is a incorporated firm or company.

To ensure potential investors were protected against various criminals , limited liability firms must do this in this way
Publish what the firm was about- publish annual returns about the company performance yearly - log all this data with companies house - have the accounts of the firm independently audited

Starting a ltd firm £200
Buy one from a solicitor, cost too start up is around
Stopping a ltd firm is hard too stop

A ltd firm is a person in law
Ie a ltd firm is regarded by the law as being a person... as individual

-What is the firms, is the firms and not yours
-You must do what is best for the firm and not you
-Conflict of interest may result - care needed

Limited liability became too small, the plc (public limited company) was developed for investments on a big scale

Issues of debt
All firms have a degree of debt
Too manage debt you need too understand your cost

Managment
Normal operating activities (cost and income of normal services) Extra-ordinary items (big things like moving offices that do not come around very often) BUDGET! Cash flow is critical!

Entrepreneurship and business engagement

Entrepreneurship - being in a business - filling a gap in the market - geographical, specialism, ability, product
Competition issues?
This is your decision


What is the aim? Money? Kudos? Society/Aid?

How do you succeed? Do it! Don't sit back because chances are someone else will do it.
Tenacity, there will be problems, don't give up. Work through issues, solve the problem

Don't be precious, your idea but it will change, your work will be modified

Ability to do, practical/ pragmatic, ability to act

Its what you know it who you know

What is the cost and what is the return

Essay and Visual Appendix

Essay Means Argument, the Essay is a concise, evidenced thread of thinking. The essay needs too have clear defined structure, Have a clear narrative, be well written.

Essay structure
Title
Abstract and keywords
Introduction
sets the scene for the reader
Defines the aims of the essay
States how this will be attempted
Briefly presents what the reader can expect in the rest of the essay
The main body=  literature review, reasearch question and case study
Starts off broad and then focuses in your research enquiry
Presents the research of the essay
Should not just be a descriptive text
You should critically reflect upon the information you present
You need to organise the areas you will focus
Conclusion
provides a summary of your findings
Describes how the work could be continued in the future
Reference list and bibliography
make sure



Do
-Define terms
-Write carefully (build good sentences, link related sentences in clear paragraphs. Work toward -and over all structure)
-Use time flow
-Provide sources. Offer evidence
-Present and discuss Contrary evidence
-Cite direct paraphrased quotations
-Read aloud
-Find a suitable environment to think

Don't
-Use slang
-Use professional, technical or scientific terms that you cannot explain or define
Use fancy words

Make sure there are no grammatical and syntax errors!

Seminar 5 Assessment Feedback

Write down one thing I think I did well, one thing I need too improve and one thing I found helpful.
One thing I think went well was my research question.
One thing I think i need too improve is my viriaty of references.
One thing I found helpful was using a power point to break the sections of my research down.

            General Points for Improvement
Presentation design
- can become more visually engaging
- text and images close to the edges
- less text or better use of text
Topic
- broad, needs to be narrowed down.
Title
- should summarise your topic
- should not be a repetition or the research question
Research question
- needs to be phrased as a question
- should be as focused as possible
Aural description
-more practice
Language
-correct English grammar and syntax errors
- avoid the use of slung and jargon language
Reference list/ Bibliography
-always include in the end
- listed separately
- follow the APA 6th Style
Submission
-on time
Attendance
- will help improve performance and grade
    Some improvements don't apply too me but is a reminder.

Look on uni learn on how to use APA 6th Style for tips on referencing

Introduction too 2nd brief

Brief two- Live Competition YCN / RSA 

YCN is more Contemporary Challenges, 16 briefs too choose from. Deadline - March 23rd 2017 

RSA Social Environmental and Geological, 12 Briefs too choose from. Deadline - March 8th 2017

Artists-

Fung Yee Wai Fedrigoni 

Zaiul Haque 

Project Timeline - 

Week one pick 3 briefs generate ideas

Week Two develop ideas 

Week tree begin to formalise ideas 

Week four

Week five

Week six 

-Christmas break 

Economy and Stuff

Contestwatchers.com

The higher the price the lower the demand, the lower the price the higher the demind. This fluctuates this is called Inelastic Demand. Supply is opposite the higher the price the higher the quantity the lower the price the lower the quantity.  Distortion of markets can occur taxes/levies , interest rates, nature of products, nature of market, global/ national developments. Rasing taxes for the government the idea is to be spent to benefit everyone causing a strong political issue. There are different uk taxes  and duties naming a few: income tax, national tax, VAT, IHT, car tax , stamp duty, import/export duty, tobacco duty, alcohol duty. Government use tax/ duty to raise money to spend on what is need like police, NHS Education etc.

Tax up-less disposable income - reduction in some demand (deflation pressure)
                                                    - change in purchasing habits - increase demand for some items
                                              - demand for pay increase (inflationary pressure) -cost of employment
                                                                                                                             -loss of employment
                                                                                                                            -extra venue needed
                                                                                                                      -Increase in benefit cost

Effects are not immediate, there is always some slack in the system and it depends where and which taxes are raised

Interest rate are also important to the management of an economy, the interest rate is the cost of borrowing money.

Finances
Finances are the control of money and the flow of money, every one does finances. Businesses do finance too. A long time ago people made things and traded with each other to get things they wanted this is referred too as barter.

Money is a simple medium for smoothing trade, a measurement method of value.

What is the definition as money?
The cash you have-
The cash you have + the cash you can get
The cash you have + the cash you can get + loan credit
Loan credit - short term/long term


Costs are what you have too give too get something you want. Price is what an item is actually sold for. If you are buying you want the cost to be close to the price
Profit is the positive between difference between cost and price
Loss is the negative difference between cost and price
Income is money coming in
Expenditure money going out
Debt is how much is owed too you or what you owe out
Credit is how much money beyond that which you have, you may use.

If you sell an item you need too know the cost, this means all its costs.


Direct costs are directly attribute to the overall cost of the item
Indirect costs are not a direct attribute
Variable cost that varies with output
Fixed costs that does not vary with output


General costs that can not be directly apportioned to a client
Costs of undertaking particular projects can be allocated directly to a client

Taxations issues (2015)

Income tax bands:
 £10,600 - £31,785 - 20%
 £31,786 -  £150,000 - 40%
 £150,000 + 45%

Claming Expanding Practice

During this lecture we looked at an graphic design company I really found interesting with an innovative out come too there work. Moniker is a Amsterdam biased interactive graphic design studio  founded in 2012 by Luna Maurer and Roel Wouters. The two videos we looked at in this lecture was Out of Line, Crowd-Source interactive music video and Do not touch , Ever changing interactive music video. I found these two pieces of work really interesting as they use people online to create the actual work and they create the template in which people are given instructions on what too do on screen. This makes the audience drawn in to the work and feel a part of the video and production. I then looked into some on Monikers others projects and found a video under tools in the project section of there website called Dalaunay Raster - Design sofware for image triangulation. This video showed a technique in which you use an image as a template and then use triangles to create the image. Moniker claims that they invented this design process in 2008 and have continued using it to this day creating mostly portraits for magazines. I am currently designing a background for my project ' Cybernetic Self ' zine using this technique.  

Buyer Behaviour

Buyer Behaviour Process
Need - Search - Pre purchase evaluation - Puchase - Comsumption - Post purchase evaluation
                                                                                                              -Good, Ok, Vile, Bad, Buy again

Maslows Hierarchy of Needs 

5. Self-actualisation e.g.- personal values   (80:20/Pareto- 80% of people don't want this 20% want                        
this power and wealth)

4.  Esteem & status e.g.-power, respect, worth

3. belongingness e.g-relationships, family, home, sex

2. Safety e.g.-Shelter defence

1. Physiological ( needs )  e.g.- food ,water

Each stage is exreamly important, with out 1 you can't have 2 if you haven't got 2 you can't have 3 and so on.



Which Product? - Memory ( good, bad, indifferent? Long term,short term)
                           - Aesthetics ( why would you want this product)
                           - Emotion ( hedonism, conscience, love
                           - Genetics ( men vs women )
                           - Logic
                           - Range of choice
                           - Attitude to risk
                           - Nature of problem
                           - Nature of problem routine (simple vs complex, low/high involvement )
                           - Leligion / belief structure
                           - Legal issues
                           - Others views ( peers, family, friends )
                           - Financial Issues

Buisness and design have a 2 flow way, buisness have market issues you need too know this because you need too know what's affecting them market issues are things such as market segment, real market issues and end user aspects, you need to know these issues too do the research. Macro environment issues and social / ethical issues will affect your research into you design. This then allows you to target your design the the target market.

Communication Issues
Shannon & Weaver Model of Communication
Sender - Message - Encode - Transmit - Decode - Receive
During transmition there is noise/interference, this is something stopping the transmission.
The sender has to have a reason to send a message
The receiver has to understand and must agree/disagree, Accept/Reject and give feed back too the sender.